Preface

摘要

In recent years, new technologies that utilize horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques have led to a rapid expansion of the shale oil and gas industry, offering access to new sources of hydrocarbon fuels that hold the promise of energy independence for the United States. At the same time, there has been public concern about the potential environmental effects of these new technologies, with varying environmental regulations being implemented at the state and federal level in response to their rapid deployment. Consequently, some areas of the country are witnessing a rapid growth in the number of wells for exploration, while other areas have delayed this development pending further environmental studies. Additionally, the rapid growth of the shale energy industry in some areas has imposed new demands on the people and infrastructure in local communities. Moving forwards, the challenge for our society is to develop a holistic approach to shale oil and gas exploitation that enables economic growth and prosperity, while minimizing negative environmental impacts and socio-economic disturbances in our communities.