Finite Element Method Framework for RF-Based Through-The-Wall Mapping

摘要

Radiofrequency (RF) Through-the-Wall Mapping (TWM) employs techniques originally applied in X-Ray Computerized Tomographic Imaging to map obstacles behind walls. It aims to provide valuable information for rescuing efforts in damaged buildings, as well as for military operations in urban scenarios. This work defines a Finite Element Method (FEM) based framework to allow fast and accurate simulations of the reconstruction of floors blueprints, using Ultra High-Frequency (UHF) signals at three different frequencies (500 MHz, 1 GHz and 2 GHz). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first use of FEM in a TWM scenario. This framework allows quick evaluation of different algorithms without the need to assemble a full test setup, which might not be available due to budgetary and time constraints. Using this, the present work evaluates a collection of reconstruction methods (Filtered Backprojection Reconstruction, Direct Fourier Reconstruction, Algebraic Reconstruction and Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction) under a parallel-beam acquisition geometry for different spatial sampling rates, number of projections, antenna gains and operational frequencies. The use of multiple frequencies assesses the trade-off between higher resolution at shorter wavelengths and lower through-the-wall penetration. Considering all the drawbacks associated with such a complex problem, a robust and reliable computational setup based on a flexible method such as FEM can be very useful.