As the complexity of embedded applications evolves, real-time Java is increasingly being used in large-scale applications that demand higher levels of abstraction, portability, and dynamic behaviour. Examples of such applications include management of network infrastructure, automation of manufacturing processes and control of power generating equipment. To meet these demands, real-time Java has moved increasingly into the mission-critical domain. With the increased penetration into mission-critical and the expected eventual integration into safety-critical applications, the need to assure that Java can deliver reliable operation without exceeding resource constraints has increased. Ease of development and maintenance, support for dynamic behaviour, high performance, soft and hard real-time constraints, and reduction of physical footprint are just some of the requirements of mission-critical Java developers. To meet these requirements, standards for both mission-critical and safety-critical software are being developed to assist developers in making the engineering tradeoffs necessary for components of such software.
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