Updating the 1:50.000 topographic maps using ASTER and SRTM DEM. The case of Athens, Greece

摘要

The 1:50.000 topographic maps present a nominal horizontal accuracy of 20 meters and a nominal vertical accuracy of 10 meters with 90% confidence. The data were in most cases extracted with photogrammetric techniques from aerial stereo-photographs during the 80's. The usual update rate for these maps ranges from ten to twenty years. The Advanced Spaceborn Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) offers along-track stereoscopic viewing capability. Its viewing geometry is suitable for DEM generation even without the use of ground control points. Recent studies have proved that in this case the vertical accuracy of DEM is about 20m with 95% confidence. The horizontal geolocation accuracy appears to be limited by the spacecraft position accuracy which is considered to be better than 50 m. Other studies have shown that the use of GCP's resulted in a plannimetric accuracy of 15 m and in a near pixel size vertical accuracy. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), used an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) instrument to produce a near-global digital elevation map of the earth's land surface with 16 m absolute vertical height accuracy at 30 meter postings. An SRTM 3-arc-second product (90m resolution) is available for the entire world. In this paper we examine the possibility of updating the 1:50.000 topographic maps using ASTER and SRTM DEMs. The area of study is the broader area of Athens, Greece. Presupposing, that the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the ASTER and SRTM DEM is similar to the relative accuracies of the DEM from digitized contours, optical comparison of the DEMs and statistical analysis (difference, correlation) can immediately prove if there is any need for update to the topographic maps. A DEM from digitized contours from the 1:50.000 topographic maps was created and compared with ASTER and SRTM derived DEMs. Almost three hundreds points of known elevation have been used to estimate the accuracy of these three DEMs. The resulted accuracy of the SRTM and ASTER derived DEMs was satisfactory, therefore they are considered as suitable for updating 1:50.000 topographic maps.