Solar thermal energy storage for the typical European dwelling; available resources, storage requirements and demand

摘要

Thermochemical energy storage materials store heat at higher energy storage densities via reversiblernendothermic chemical reactions at ambient temperatures with lower thermal losses than sensible or latentrnenergy storage systems. This research undertaken as part of the MERITS project, provides an estimation ofrnthe main requirements for domestic thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors to meet thermalrnenergy requirements (heating, cooling and hot water) for the mean European domestic dwelling (Floor arearn98m~2) built to the regulations specified in 1999, 2012 and 2020, assuming that thermochemical energyrnstorage systems could be effectively developed for seasonal storage of solar energy with a round triprnefficiency of 75% from laboratory test results reported in the literature. The thermal energy demands of thernmean European dwelling was calculated for three different climatic zones across Europe; Atlantic (BelfastrnUK), Continental (Berlin, DE) and Mediterranean (Murcia, ES) using the Meteonorm data set for a TypicalrnMetrological Year (TMY). Solar collector performance was derived from proprietary designs of vacuum tuberncollectors assuming a mean system efficiency of 50%. It was estimated that currently only in Spain can arnseasonal thermal energy store meet all the thermal energy demands of a dwelling (heating, cooling and hotrnwater). However with a super insulated dwelling, using standards close to that of a Passivhaus (<15kWhm-rn2yr~(-1)) thermal energy loads can be met with a reasonable area of solar thermal collector and storage volumernfor Atlantic and Continental climates.