Characteristics and Sources of Ionic Species and Metallic Elements in Airborne PM2.5 in Busan, Korea

摘要

Daily PM2.5 samples were collected from March to October in 2010 in Busan, Korea. Ionic species and carbon species, and metallic elements were identified to characterize chemical composition in airborne PM2.5 samples. Daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 6.7 to 59.8 μgm-3 and the arithmetic mean concentration over the study period was 23.5 ± 11.6 μgm-3. High mass concentrations over 35 μgm-3 were observed on primarily mist and haze episode days and also under stabilized atmospheric conditions except Asian dust event period. Composition of PM2.5 were 41% of ionic species, 2% of metallic elements, 26% of carbonic species and 31% of the others including particle bound water, and etc. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate were the most abundant ionic species and nss-SO4 2- (0.44), NO3 - (0.48), Mg2+ (0.52), and NH4 + (0.44) showed significant correlations (p<0.01) with PM2.5 concentrations. Major metallic elements were composed of soil related species like Fe and Al. From a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor modelling analysis for source profiles of ionic species and metallic elements in airborne PM2.5 samples, seven sources were identified as follows; 1) soil and industry related sources, 2) secondary particle 3) sea-salt related, 4) paved road related, 5) mobile and combustion related, 6) coal combustion, 7) biomass burning.