Chapter 34 Recycling of the Ash Waste by Electric Plasma Treatment to Produce Fibrous Materials

摘要

The article presents the results of processing of technogenic waste ash and slag in arc plasma. It performs calculations of the reactor core power generation capacity of the current density and voltage gradient. When calculating the diameter of the reactor chamber is adopted for determining the size and all the basic laws of the electric band are expressed through it. Research performed by methods of X-ray energy dispersive spectral analysis and electron microscopy. Experiments without additional charging melting ash show high refractoriness (above 2000 ℃) and viscosity during processing, so to reduce the melting temperature and reducing energy required additional charging dolomite (CaCO_3) to obtain homogenous melts for subsequent production of the melt and fiber materials its basis. Melting additional charging wastes conducted with 10-30 % CaCO_3 were investigated, thereby reducing melting time and thereby reduce energy costs in the future to receive fibers from the melt. When additional charging melting ash with 10 % CaCO_3 was observed a small gassing, approximate energy consumption for production of 1 kg of the melt was 4 kWh/kg. Melting additional charging with 20 % CaCO_3 further reduce the melting time by 25 % and reduce energy consumption to 2.8 kWh/kg, the process was easy to moderate gassing. Additional charging 30 % CaCO_3 and increased melting time respectively (compared with 20 % additional charging) energy to 3.4 kWh/kg, the melting took place violently with strong gas formation. Thus, the experimentally found optimum concentration additional charging make 20 % CaCO_3. There is present the principle possibility of melting the wastes with additional charging dolomite (CaCO_3) to produce a melt thereof and generation of thin mineral wool as a component of composite materials, and insulating materials for the fibrous structure.