INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

摘要

Intelligent buildings (IB) are dwellings, but dwellings that are a product of the notions of late 20th century human society. For the first time perhaps we can design technology into living and working spaces on a scale that has been undreamt of before now and create revolutionary new buildings that people will want. Those people who are keen to live or work in an intelligent building are likely to find they are greatly encouraged in their aims by a number of manufacturers. If the concept of the intelligent building becomes a widespread reality over the next few years. Manufacturers could be one of the major groups to gain, with lucrative markets opening up for their products. Genetically, 'intelligent buildings' seems to be the name given to building which have been purposely designed to employ―and coordinate-process control and data communications technology to best advantage in order to make the most of the resources and facilities available to run the services. One obvious attribute of the intelligent building would therefore be environmental control, in which the entire building would be maintained at temperature and humidity conditions appropriate for its occupants. Another thread of intelligence might well be fire and security control monitoring. Still another aspect might well be the incorporation of building-wide data communications for business use. General-purpose six layers namely site, structure, skin, services, space plan & stuff are presented along with their expected life. The traditional enlightened and advanced views of IB are presented. The three components of the Advanced View i.e. Building Management, Space Management and Business Management are briefly discussed. This is followed by the Attributes of Intelligent Buildings. The three basic approaches to designing IB's are listed along with the problems. The issue of the Energy Efficiency is handled by many computerised systems and the strategies used to improve efficiency included. Home Energy Rating Systems of U.S. is presented. The Building simulation programs are outlined along with their web-sites. Two examples of Honkong Bank and IFCI Tower, New Delhi are included. Finally looking to the diversity of opinion for the term 'Intelligent Building', it was felt that there should be some rating system devised for the intelligent system. A yardstick should always be available so that the comparison is easy to realize. The software 'RIBS' (Rating for Intelligent Building System) is made with this purpose. The logic of the software is simply that the intelligence imparted to a particular system is compared with the latest development in the field. However care has been taken that intelligence imparted with automation also gets its due. The software gives a first hand estimation for the building systems. It can also serve a purpose of checklist for the various aspects, which can be imparted to the system. The software gives the rating between 0 and 100 on the same lines as of HERS Criteria for EMS. So its easy to visualize the intelligence in terms of percentage. It is further emphasized that Energy codes and regulations should be framed and continuously revised throughout the globe and be made compulsory. There exists nothing like absolute intelligence, the degree of intelligence keeps on varying.