A Contourlet Transform-Based Versatile Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Images

摘要

In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the potential of contourlet transform (CT) for medical image watermarking. The effect of the embedding strength on the fidelity of the image is investigated. The algorithm is tested for its robustness against a few selected attacks like adding noise, cropping, and filtering attacks. Texture analysis is applied to understand the effect of watermarking in CT. Performance criteria such as root mean square error (RMSE), standard deviation (SDE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and normalized correlation (NC) are used to evaluate the potential of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the CT-based watermarking algorithm is comparable with the watermarking in the wavelet domain in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.