Application of subsoiling technology in long term no-till field of North China

摘要

Mechanical subsoiling technique is a major measure for conservative cultivation in dry land.Subsoiling machinery is an effective way to realize subsoiling operation.Conservation tillage coupled with subsoiling in northern China is widely believed to reduce soil compaction,which was created after many years of no-till.The conservation tillage demonstration sites operating for 10 years in northern China were used to conduct a comparative study of subsoiling technology under conservation tillage.Three modes of traditional tillage (TT),subsoiling with soil cover (SSWC) and no-till with soil cover (NTWC) were compared using ten years of soil bulk density,water content,yield and water use efficiency data.After eight years,the study shows in the maize experimental plots at Shouyang,the average soil bulk density for each tillage mode of TT,SSWC and NTWC were 1.23Mg/m3,1.28Mg/rn3,1.35Mg/m3 which was significantly high while comparing with TT whereas in wheat crops TT and NTWC showed the lowest and highest soil bulk density,respectively.SSWC and NTWC reduced soil moisture loss compared to TT during the nine years from 1992to 2000.The trend on maize and wheat yield over the 8 years indicated that SSWC and NTWC were 10 to 12％ higher compared to TT.NTWC had higher water use efficiency (WUE) than TT each year by 3％ to 26％ whereas in comparison with TT,SSWC was 5％ to 31％ higher throughout the years.The findings from the long term study on subsoiling incorporating with no-tillage laid a solid foundation for subsoiling technology extension and application in China.%本文总结分析了深松整地技术在中国的试验与应用情况.深松整地对于改善土壤质量效果显著.中国适宜深松整地的耕地约为4800万公顷,主要分布在东北、西北、黄淮海地区,以及南方甘蔗地、烟地、香蕉地等旱地.目前深松机具类型多样,主要分为单一深松作业机具和复式作业机具,深松整地技术模式主要有三种类型.从成本上看,单一深松作业东北地区成本最低,南方蔗区成本最高.中国制定了相关的扶持措施,力争到2015年,适宜地区的耕地全部深松一遍,然后进入“同一地块三年深松一次”的循环,这些政策措施为中国全面推广应用深松整地技术提供了坚实的后盾.