LIGHTING QUALITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY, A CRITICAL REVIEW

摘要

The review is structured around fourrnquestions.rnQuestion 1: Do we have the right focus inrnproduct development? From a society pointrnof view sustainability and in that contextrnenergy friendly, long life product andrnapplication design will remain important. Thernlighting industry has to focus more on totalrnwaste free products as defined in cradle torncradle design. Futuristic daylight productsrnlike transparent OLED windows, transparentrnsolar windows and translucent concrete, canrnincrease the daylight use in interiors.rnQuestion 2: Do we use the right basicrninformation? Good glare restriction in solidrnstate lighting requires innovative opticalrndesigns. Here a totally new glare evaluationrnsystem is needed as the present systemsrnhave been developed for circumstancesrntotally different from solid state lighting. Inrnfixed road lighting, especially for motorwayrnlighting we base our concepts on visibility ofrnobjects but that concept looses importancernbecause of developments in car systemsrnthemselves. Neurological research isrnneeded to find out if fixed road lighting canrncontribute to minimize micro sleeps in nightrndrivers. For lighting in built-up areas, insteadrnof the luminance concept of road lighting arnmore three-dimensional concept is needed.rnQuestion 3: Do we provide the users withrnthe right information? The changeover tornsolid state lighting may be slow downedrnbecause it is precisely for solid state lightingrnthat often wrong data are supplied, thusrndisappointing new users in theirrnexpectations. Statements that for domesticrnhome lighting the changeover fromrnincandescent lamps into LED-lamps gives arnhealth risk are shown to be incorrect.rnQuestion 4: Do we address the rightrnpublic? Most recommendations andrnstandards on lighting quality are based onrnpeople of around 30 years old. With growingrnage eyesight deteriorates. It is thereforernessential that in lighting recommendationsrnand standards special sections are going tornbe incorporated on the special needs of thernelderly. It is shown that the effectivity ofrnLED-lamps is negatively effected by the bluernlight loss of the aging eye. 1,6 Billion peoplernin developing countries have no access tornelectricity. It is good to see that where so farrnonly non-profit organizations were offeringrnlow-cost solar home lighting units, largerrnlighting manufacturers are now developingrnoff-grid concepts for remote rural areas.