ENERGY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF RESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR AN ADMINISTRATION BUILDING IN KANSAS

摘要

Energy simulations of an 11,000 square foot Army administration building tornbe constructed in Kansas were used to determine the most cost effective designrnalternatives. The energy savings were determined by simulating the building using thernBuilding Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) energy analysis program andrnthe CEL-1 lighting program. This study was used to determine the cost effectiveness ofrnusing energy analysis programs to evaluate design alternatives.rnA site-adapted standard design for a battalion headquarters and classroom. Building wasrnused to determine the energy savings and life-cycle savings of several designrnalternatives. Envelope alternatives included daylighting control, increased glazing,rnincreased insulation, and reorientation. Four mechanical system types were considered tornreduce the annual energy cost: multizone, dual duct variable volume (30% minimum airrnfraction), dual duct variable volume (20% minimum air fraction), and single ductrnvariable volume. For each of these system types, a variety of additional options werernevaluated including return air and enthalpy economy cycles, outside air controlled deckrntemperatures, zone controlled deck temperatures, and fixed deck temperatures. Both thernvariation in operating cost and the variation in life-cycle cost were calculated. Of thernenvelope alternatives, only reorientation of the building saved both operating cost andrntotal life-cycle cost. Several other alternatives reduced operating cost but increasedrnthe total life-cycle cost. The variable volume fan systems reduced operating costs, butrnsome increased life-cycle cost at the same time. The most effective alternatives werernvariable volume fan systems without expensive controllers. This is due primarily to highrninitial costs and relatively low fuel costs for the location; the first cost could notrnbe recovered in energy cost saved.rnThis investigation also showed that if input models for energy analysis models arernordinarily created in the course of project design, as is true for Army designs, thesernmodels can be used to identify design alternatives which significantly reduce energyrnand total life-cycle costs at small expense. If the models do not already exist, thernexpense of developing the model solely for the evaluation of design alternatives mayrnnot be recovered in saved energy cost.