Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of Lead (Pb) After Waste Disposal from Metallurgical Industries for Environmental Health and Monitoring

摘要

Not being available sufficient information about ERA of lead, this paper provides a critical review to the mentioned concept. Being presented in soils, heavy metals constitute serious environmental hazards from the point of view of polluting the soils and adjoining streams and rivers. Pb is generally the metal of great concern as well as being phytotoxic. Metallurgical waste like other waste materials consists not only of Pb, but also consists in large quantities relatively. The ubiquitous distribution and known toxicity of lead pollution in urban environment are posing great concern, in term of human health and environment. According to the importance and criticality of this issue, a holistic risk-based approach is inevitable. Reviewing literature, it is found that approximately most of the researches have been carried out in aquatic environments. From the other side, those carried out in terrestrial environment, are non-Pb focusing. Considering the researches pertaining to ERA, however few researc hes have been carried out in the field of metallurgical industries, none of them has addressed the Pb ERA in a holistic approach.