SUMMARY OF DISCUSSIONS

摘要

The supply chain industry is subject to increasing vertical and horizontal concentration. This arguably has lead to more efficiency in the movement of cargo, and possibly the concentrated model is more favorable in some respects towards sustainable development than a more fragmented landscape in the sense that it facilitates the development of rail and the internalization of port congestion costs to some extent. These benefits of concentration in terms of sustainable development would be smaller if hinterland transport prices were more in line with marginal social costs, for all modes. A downside of concentration is that there are fewer players, which increases the risk of abuse of market power, and requires close oversight by competition authorities.