Object-oriented hierarchies and their resulting ocmplex systems

摘要

Informaiton Systmes can be considered complex in a great manyways.THis paper focus n the hierarchicla structures used in Object-Oriented Modellign and MetaModelling.Models are described as emerging structues within aggregation and generalization hierarchies,and acquiring hte characteirstics of a comlex systme is imputed to the role of (free) associations whose semantic is exogenous to those hierarchies.