Damage and Smeared Crack Models

摘要

1 Isotropic Damage Models Continuum damage mechanics is a constitutive theory that describes the progressive loss of material integrity due to the propagation and coalescence of micro-cracks, micro voids, and similar defects. These changes in the microstructure lead to a degradation of material stiffness observed on the macroscale. The term "continuum damage mechanics" was first used by Hult in 1972 but the concept of damage had been introduced by Kachanov already in 1958 in the context of creep rupture (Kachanov, 1958) and further developed by Rabotnov (1968); Hayhurst (1972); Leckie and Hayhurst (1974).