Load on the Atmosphere with Carrying out Explosive Works in a Quarry

摘要

Explosive works in the quarries are short-time but powerful source of impacts on the atmosphere.Significant amount of dust and gases is formed in the process of their production.Cloud of dust and gas after the blast spreads beyond quarry and pollutes the atmosphere of the adjacent territories but part of the long-lived gases dart out by air currents over considerable distances,causing a slowdown in the quality of atmospheric air.Usually assessment of impact on of gases and dust is produced separately.A comprehensive index that would allowed them to take into account the cumulative impact on the atmosphere is missing.As a result,the total withdrawal of it part by means of direct (event of withdrawal oxygen) and indirect (when introducing foreign substances) of consumption invited to use the amount of load on the atmospheric air as such an index.Thus,the total amount of load consists of three components:(1) directly from consumed resource,as a result of the direct withdrawal of part resource from the natural environment; (2) indirectly from the consumed resource,as a result of entering into a toxic foreign substance as result the temporary withdrawal of the resource from the environment for a period of destruction of the substance; (3) indirectly from consumed resource,as a result of entering into non-toxic foreign substance causing a temporary replacement of part of the resource from the environment for a period of destruction substances.With the application of this index are performed comparative assessments load on the atmosphere of the main of technological processes on the iron ore quarries Russian of mining leases within the limits enterprises.The results of evaluations show that the main load on the atmosphere associated with the process of rock mass transportation vehicles technology,which accounts for 57％ of the overall load on the explosive works in the quarry with 26％ on piling and dusting of moldboard surface-16％.By manufacture explosive works a major component of emissions has the greatest impact on the atmosphere is dust,which accounts for 76.8％ of the load from the explosions,gas accounts for 23.2％,including 22.9％ for nitrogen oxides.But if nitrogen oxides,the existence of which in the atmosphere is limited to a few days,outside the mining lease affect the atmosphere for a short time,the other gases,the bulk of which is accounted for oxides of carbon accumulating in the atmosphere will impact on the atmosphere of remote areas for a long time.