COHERENCE AND SUPERFLUIDITY IN ATOMIC GASES

摘要

The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation Bose-Einstein condensation in ultracold vapours of alkali atoms has given great impulse to the study of dilute atomic gases in condensed quantum states inside magnetic and optical traps. After the characterization of the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of Bose-condensed gases, a vast set of studies have been addressed to their phase coherence and superfluidity, both in magnetic traps and in optical lattices. Similar cooling and trapping trapping methods are being used to drive gases of fermionic alkali atoms and boson-fermion mixtures deep into the quantum degeneracy regime, with the ultimate aim of realizing novel superfluids from fermion pairing.