TROPOSPHERIC OZONE MEASUREMENTS IN THE TATRA MOUNTAINS AND ITS EFFECTS ON PLANTS

摘要

Ambient ozone concentrations were systematically monitored during the 1998-2003 growing seasons in several stations located in the Tatra Mountains (in both Slovak and Polish sides). Concentrations of O_3, determined either with ozone analysers or with passive samplers, were different between geographical location of the monitoring stations, monitored periods, and individual years. The average two-week long O_3 concentrations ranged from 31 to 200 μg m-3. The average O_3 concentrations, for the growing season (May to September), ranged from about 60 to about 120 μg m-3. The highest ozone concentrations were recorded in Slovakia, on the southern slopes of the mountains. According to the active measurements the maximum 1-hour O_3 concentrations reached 220 μg m-3 (August, 2001) and the monthly average O_3 concentrations were close to 100 μg m-3. Visible symptoms of O_3-induced injury were identified on several trees and herbaceous plant species growing in the Tatra Mountains, e.g. Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus incana, Pinus cembra, Sambucus racemosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Astrantia major, Centaurea jacea, Alchemilla sp., Rumex obtusifolius, Geum rivale, Geranium sylvaticum, Angelica sylvestris and others.