Metal oxide nano-particles and nano-composite polymer electrolytes - electrodes and electrolytes in solar and galvanic cells of the second generation

摘要

(PEO)8ZnCl2 polymer electrolytes and nano-composites were prepared using PEO y-irradiated to selected doses and TiO2 nanograins. The influence of added nanosize TiO2 grains to polymer electrolytes and the effect of y-radiation from a Co-60 source were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) simultaneously recorded with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) at synchrotron ELETTRA. Infrared (IR) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) were also performed (1). We observed changes between 293 K and 373 K for treated and as prepared polymer electrolyte in SAXS/DSC/WAXD spectra and during the phase transition to the superionic phase at 335 K. Above-mentioned treatments largely enhanced the conductivity of polymer electrolyte. Room temperature conductivity increase up to two orders of magnitude was achieved.rnMetal oxide nanostructured thin films were studied as electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells and charge-discharge second generation batteries. We have studied materials based on titanium, cerium and vanadium (2). Materials based on titanium are nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films, which play an important role in new generation of photochemical solar cells. Dye-sensitised cell differ from the semiconductor devices that they separate the function of light absorption from charge carrier transport. This cell was made of relatively non pure material with a cheap preparation procedure and energy conversion efficiencies ranging from 7 to 12%. Average grain sizes and specific surface areas as a function of temperature for TiO2 samples annealed in oxydizing and non-oxydizing atmosphere were obtained by GISAXS measurements at synchrotron ELETTRA. Vanadium oxide, such as V2O5, has been extensively studied because it tends to form layered structure that allows the intercalation/de-intercalation of different ions between its layers. It can be used as catalysts, in electrochromic device, in an advanced electrochemical cell concept, especially in lithium batteries. We have also studied V/Ce