CONSIDERATIONS FOR SEA OUTFALLS DESIGN AND INSTALLATION IN DIFFICULT SITES

摘要

Chile is a long and narrow country located in South America. With 4500 kilometers in thernPacific Ocean coast, a great part of the cities are placed near the shoreline. From 1986, thisrnadvantage had been used to install many sea outfalls as a sanitary engineering solution to solvernthe waste water disposal management. Our shore line, oriented north-south direction,rnproduces extreme exposure to storms from the north and strong winds from southwest, inrnparticular during spring time. For that reason, strong and high waves are common in our coast,rnwhich should be considered in design and construction of outfalls. On the other hand, ourrnrocky coast with variable thickness and normally cover with sedimentary layer, will require ofrnexplosive handle to trench pipelines on surf zone, that some time is long. Moreover, seismicrnand tsunami risk is high, due to interaction border between American and Nazca tectonic plate,rnparallel to our shore line. In this paper, issues mentioned above are discussed, as it influence inrnengineering design of outfalls and forcing up to develop our own construction methods, manyrntimes.