SOLIDIFICATION MODELING: A QUARTER CENTURY OF PROGRESS AND FUTURE VISION

摘要

The first Symposium on Modeling of Casting and Welding Processes, held in 1981 at Rindge, NH, was a turning point in the evolution and deployment of solidification models. Prior to this conference, models described isolated phenomena under idealized laboratory conditions and arguably, the only models in widespread use were the Gulliver-Scheil equation and the interface stability criterion. However, a multi-disciplinary ensemble of scholars gathered in Rindge and formulated a vision of what could and needed to be done to transform the science, technology, and industrial impact of solidification modeling.rnIn the intervening 25 years since that first conference, our community has developed computer codes that describe solidification heat transfer and fluid flow; the maturation of thermodynamic codes that provide key model inputs; the formulation of advanced codes that describe continuous casting, ingot solidification, directional solidification, and macrosegregation; and the exploration of codes describing solidification dynamics based on emerging phase field and cellular automaton techniques. However, today challenges remain. We need to focus on how solidification morphology, chemical segregation, and defects affect the properties of our castings, ingots, and weldments. Materials application engineers and product designers with the knowledge, toolset, and concurrent design methods they can use to increase the productivity of our processes and improve our products. In this paper, a retrospective view of the last quarter century of modeling of casting and welding processes is presented, highlighting key developments. Subsequently, a prospective view of the challenges and issues we face are addressed and discussed.