The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Estimates of the Impact of Air Pollution

摘要

Air pollution has been identified as a global health priority in the sustainable development agenda. The World Health Organization (WHO) has responsibility for stewarding three air pollution-related indicators for monitoring progress against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): in health (Goal 3) - mortality from air pollution, in cities (Goal 11) - air quality in cities, and in energy (Goal 7) - access to clean fuels and technologies. This session will present WHO updated global estimates of exposure and burden of disease from air pollution from particulate matter, which are used for SDG reporting at the global, regional and national level. These estimates are based on improved exposure estimates and integrated exposure risk models. Over the last two decades, there has been considerable improvement in two important inputs of the methodology for estimating the impacts of PM2.5: The assessment of global exposure to PM2.5 using satellite data and its integration with ground measurements, and the development of integrated exposure risk models (lERs) that relate the entire range of exposures to PM2.5 to cause-specific mortality risks. To date, air pollution -both ambient and household - is the biggest environmental risk to health, carrying responsibility for about one in every 8 deaths annually. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution alone kills around 4 million people each year, mainly from noncommunicable diseases To support countries in choosing policies aiming at reducing air pollution and promoting health, WHO is further developing and refining tools to support planning for clean household energy policies (the Clean Household Energy Solutions Toolkit); to quantify the health impacts of air pollution (AirQ + software); and to estimate the expected health impacts from policies taken by other sectors (for example, transport, waste management, and land-use planning).