A new generation of self-sustainable and wearable Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) is introduced. Two different types of energy - chemical energy found in urine and mechanical energy harvested by manual pumping - were converted to electrical energy. The wearable system is fabricated using flexible MFCs with urine used as the feedstock for the bacteria, which was pumped by a manual foot pump. The pump was developed using check valves and soft tubing. The MFC system has been assembled within a pair of socks.
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