Lithium Ion Batteries For The 300-Mile Electric Vehicles and More

摘要

1 The energy density of Li-ion battery at - 280 Wh/kg and 750 Wh/1 is approaching the limit of one electron per metal cathode capacity 2 An all-electric vehicle capable 300 miles or more range on a single charge would require batteries with > 550 Wh/kg at the cell level for a 400 kg battery With a 600 kg battery, the energy density required for 300 mile range decrease to about 300 Wh/kg New cathode materials capable of multi-electron reactions per metal (i. e; equivalent weights for chemical couple less than 50) are needed to develop batteries with such ultra high energy density. Li intercalation electrodes involving multi electrons transfer per equivalent of metal pose many problems including: i) phase changes and ii) rechargeability, although solutions may be possible 3 Li-S and Li-air batteries involving multi-electron displacement (conversion) reactions are being developed to address high energy density all-EV battery needs, but many challenges remain; chief among them being the efficiency of Li anode cycling.