Drainage improvements at O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, IL included the installation of a drainage and storm water system to control the overflow from nearby Willow Higgins Creek. This involved construction of a weir structure at the creek and the channeling of water from the weir to a newly constructed reservoir via three, 3.7-m (12-ft) diameter, underground storm sewer lines. The sewer lines passed beneath an existing, 2.3-m (90-inch) diameter high-pressure water main, which was to remain in service throughout sewer line installation. The soil composition around the water main ranged from medium stiff clays to silty sands and sandy silts. Triple-fluid jet grouting was used to stabilize the variable soil profile beneath the water main in preparation for tunneling and installation of the sewer lines. The varying soil strata presented a challenge to the project team to establish a constant set of jet grouting parameters throughout the stabilized zone while keeping within the specified unconfined compressive strength range for the stabilized zone of 690 to 1,380 kPa (100 to 200 psi) at 28 days.
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