Casing impairment leads to loss of pressure itnegrity, pinching of production tubing, or an inabilityt o lower workover tools. Usually, impairment arises through shear because of displacement of the rock strata along bedding planes or more steeply inclined fault planes. These displacements are shear failures triggered by stress concentrations generated by volume changes because of production or injection activity. Volume changes arise from pressure changes, temperature changes, or solids movement (solids injection or production).
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