CIUDEN's experiences in CCUS full-chain

摘要

One of the most relevant European R&D&D initiatives focusing on Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) in Europe is the CIUDEN's es. CO_2 Centre, supported by the Spanish Government and partially funded by the European Commission. The es.CO_2 Centre involves two main sites: the Technology Development Plant for CO_2 Capture and Transport and the Hontomin Technology Development Plant for CO_2 Geological Storage. The Technology Development Plant for CO_2 Capture, located in Cubillos del Sil (NW Spain), is an industrial scale facility with the most advanced equipment for the development of oxy-combustion based on the following technologies: pulverized coal (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) with two industrial scale boilers of 20MWth and 30 MWth respectively, a 3 MWth Atmospheric Bubbling Bed Biomass Gasifier, aimed to test biomass gasification and coal-biomass co-gasification. Boilers flue gas is fully treated and CO_2 is captured in a Compression and Purification Unit (CPU). Furthermore, CO_2 transport issues can be addressed in the 3,000 meters long transport experimental facility and the influence of CO_2 injection in soils on different biotopes can be addressed at the PISCO2. The main objective of this research facility is to develop economical and ecological bio-monitoring tools for safety control of CO_2 geological storage. CCS-Lab serves as supporting facilities offering the resources needed for researching by characterization and control of specific parts of the CCS chain. The Hontomin Technology Development Plant for CO_2 Geological Storage (N Spain) allows real scale experiments in deep porous rock formations to test and develop new technologies in storage engineering, CO_2 injection strategies and safe operation. This facility aims to demonstrate safe operation including well integrity and leakage prediction techniques. Innovative CO_2 injection, including liquid, gas and supercritical CO_2, will be tested. This experimental facility includes two wells, one for CO_2 injection and one for monitoring. The use of light drilling equipment has led to a sizeable cost reduction of up to 60% when compared to conventional O&G drilling. The site is a deep saline formation, where CO_2 will be injected in a Jurassic carbonate reservoir. It is highly instrumented with a wide range of monitoring tools, deep and in surface, which will allow tracking the changes once in operation. These data are also essential to validate risk assessment activities and, consequently, for public acceptance of the project. These two main installations have provided a real basis for the design, construction and operation of a future 300 MW_e CFB supercritical oxy-combustion plant, with dense phase CO_2 transport line and final underground CO_2 storage in a deep saline geological formation. CIUDEN facilities are conceived not only for the development of CCUS technologies, but also for the improvement of technologies related with co-combustion of coal and biomass that can result in negative CO_2 emissions. An important milestone is that, CIUDEN is the only project in the world which has completed the process from fuel preparation to CO_2 capture using a CFB boiler in oxy-combustion. Furthermore, CIUDEN has proven and validated the power capacity enlargement from 15 MWth to 30 MW_(th) though the increase of O_2 concentration in the oxidant streams in oxy-combustion. This paper will explain CIUDEN lessons learned which deal with commissioning, combustion, emissions control, etc, and experiences in CO_2 storage characterization, monitoring, social engagement and public perception.