Coral Reef Fisheries Resource Management In Taka Bonerate National Park Based On Constructionism Perspective

摘要

This paper is aimed at exploring the complexity of fishery resource use of Taka Bonerate coral reef zone from the past to the present when it has become a National Sea Park. The complexity of phenomena comprises dimensions of diversity and variation of technology, change and continuity, types of ideological interaction with environment, involvement of both internal and external stakeholders with various categories, kinds and multilevel control or ownership of various fishing grounds, influence of internal and external socio-cultural factors as well as its marine resources and environmental impacts, etc. It is realized that for understanding such a complexity needs a particular analysis with a holistic perspective. By applying the constructionist perspective, the writer discovered that the management of fishery resource use of Taka Bonerate coral reef zone by the local fishermen community could be viewed and understood in three paradigms: (1) communalism characterized the past pattern of management (up to the beginning of the 1960s) marked by inter-subjective relation model and a harmony between man and sea environment, (2) orientalism based on the mastery of nature and the application of modern catching technology, capitalism, industrialism, and free market, taking place from the middle of the 1960s to the beginning of the 1980s, which brought about coral reef ecosystem degradation and fish resources decrease, and (3) paternalism characterized by the tendency to protect the balanced state of nature by means of placing bureaucrats and scientists as managers and controllers of fishery resources. As the paternalism paradigm tends to observe bottom-up practices, it stands to reason that this paradigm has not been able to solve environmental problems and fishermen's poverty in Taka Bonerate.