For the design of machine tools and precision devices, proper handling of thermal errors is currently seen as a major challenge to improve position accuracy [1]. Thermal error refers to the mismatch between the real and predicted displacement and/or displacement differences of a point of interest due to temperature fluctuations. Typically, the design objective is to decrease the thermal error within a certain time frame of interest. Due to the complex nature of the temperature distributions and fluctuations, design optimization is applied.
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