During tunneling, the jack forces must balance the shield resistance forces and provide enough thrust to move the machine forward. This study focuses on an analytical solution to obtain the required jack forces to push the machine in a straight or curved alignment. In this study, the loads acting on the shield machine during excavation include the machine self-weight, machine skin-soil frictional resistance, face pressure, jack force, soil reaction forces, and overburden pressure. To validate the model quantitatively, a case study is introduced and a comparison between the measured and theoretical values of jack forces was conducted. The results demonstrated that the presented model can predict the jack forces of the shield machine in a curved and straight alignment with sufficient accuracy.
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