Fires in bi-directional road tunnels with longitudinal ventilation exhibit particular challenges. Such tunnels often have a little equipment and perhaps no emergency exits. As part of a NordFoU (i.e. Nordic) research project ((1) see also (2), (3) and (4)), road tunnels with bi-directional traffic but without emergency exits were analysed and specific recommendations developed with the purpose of improving egress in case of fire. Ventilation was concluded to be significant for the consequences in case of fire. Even for a large fire, minimal ventilation can result in halving of the consequences. Early tunnel closure and start of ventilation is essential.
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