Future Directions Biosolids Management of The Second Decade of the 21~(st) Century

摘要

Over the next ten years, the direction of biosolids management is becoming more holistic. The assessment of biosolids disinfection, stabilization and microconstituents impact is utilizing microcellular and biological assays, which will help in public outreach and education. These concerns relate to potential environmental impact in their application as value-added products or renewable energy sources. The criteria of assessment are listed below: ? Pertinent indicator organism monitoring for disinfection, ? More restrictive metals and microconstituents levels for land application and air emissions, ? Usage of molecular and biological assays, As a result of these concerns, the different value-added product options are under closer public scrutiny. They are assessed with respect to carbon foot printing, potential emerging pathogens and emerging chemicals of concern.