Research on the Mechanism of Ecological Compensation in River Basin, China

摘要

Ecological compensation mechanism is one of the key means of resolving the utilization and conflict of river basin upstream and downstream water resources. The theoretical basis of ecological compensation includes environment externality theory, ecological service value theory, ecological assets theory and public goods. As a system innovation of river basin management, the analysis framework of river basin ecological compensation include: the identification of compensation scope and system diagnosis, compensation subject object and definition of the responsibilities, the basic principles of river basin ecological compensation, compensation standard and environment compensation agreement, compensation method and method of raising capital, construction of ecological compensation system, compensation policy framework and construction of the compensation system, practice and pilot experiences of compensation policies. Currently, the Chinese river basin ecological compensation mainly relies on governmentoriented fiscal transfer payment and ecological investment. Basing on Chinese ecological compensation issues, policy suggestions are made about ecological compensation: construct national level ecological compensation framework basing on main function classifications and implement ecological compensation on different levels; increase return from ecological capital investment and construct multiple-channel financing mechanism; sort out system mechanism, and construct integrated management institution of river basin and conduct capital utilization, regional development planning and management through three stages: preliminary compensation, industrial structure adjustment and optimal development compensation; construct ecological compensation standard basing on direct losses, opportunity costs and loss of development right restriction.