Novel Surfactants for Antifoaming, Wetting and Improved Pigment Dispersions

摘要

Gemini surfactants are made up of two long hydrocarbon chains and two ionic groups linked by a "spacer". The figure below1 shows two general types of Gemini surfactant. The spacer can be attached directly to the (identical) ionic groups, each of which is in turn bonded to an identical hydrocarbon chain; alternatively two identical amphiphiles are linked part way between the ionic headgroups and the hydrocarbon tails. The spacer can vary in functionality, length, hydrophobicity and flexibility.