Although surgical treatment for patients with pheochromocytoma and its perioperative management has been well developed in recent years, anesthetic management is still highly stressful during the resection of "complicated" pheochromocytoma, such as catechlamine cardiomyopathy, pheochromocytoma crisis, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), and severe surgical difficulties(e.g. location in the heart, liver, or a giant pheochromocytoma surrounding large vessels), etc. The anesthetic management for the excision of pheochromocytoma not only includes selects appropriate anesthetics for the surgical procedures, but also extends to the preoperative preparation and circulatory support postoperatively. It is essential for anesthesiologist to make individualized protocols for these high-risk surgical procedures, based on a thorough understanding of the pathophysiological characteristics of pheochromocytomas and related surgical procedures, as well as good communication among the specialists involved in the treatment.
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