Pickling Well Tubulars Using Coiled Tubing: Mathematical Modeling and Field Application

摘要

Coiled tubing is usually used to conduct acid pickle treatments. The purpose of the treatment is to prevent pumping damaging materials into the formation prior to the main acid job. In this case, the acid is pumped down the coiled tubing, and then flowed up through the tubing-coiled tubing annulus. Pickling is a process of flow with heterogeneous reactions occurring with mill scale (Fe_3O_4) and other contaminants at both the inner wall of the production tubing and the outer surface of the coiled tubing. Pickling is an essential part of well stimulation treatments if the main treatment fluids (acidizing, fracturing, gravel packing, etc.) are to be bullheaded. However, it appears that traditional pickle practices are overestimating the required acid volume and/or concentration. Field data indicated that excessive acid volumes are used for tubing pickle because large returns of unreacted acid are usually recovered on the surface. In this paper, mechanisms to explain the behavior of acid contact with the tubing are presented and a model for predicting acid consumption and dissolution of tubular contaminants is developed. The model includes reactions of acid with mill scale. A system of non-linear partial differential equations is developed and the equations are solved numerically to predict the concentrations of major species as a function of axial position along the tubing and in the effluent from the well during flowback. Field application included pickling of low-carbon steel tubing (11,900 ft of 5.5-inch C-95) using coiled tubing. A slug of 5,000 gals of 20 wt% HCl with additives was used. Samples were collected from the treated well during the flowback of pickling treatment. The model was used to predict the concentrations of various species in the well flowback samples. Model predictions for acid, chloride ion, and total iron concentrations were in good agreement with field results.