Monolith or Mosaic: Using Demographics and Detailed Surveys toUnderstand the Many and Varied Dimensions of First-Year FemaleEngineering Students

摘要

The observation of substantially different retention rates of men versus women in a required first-year, two-course “Introduction to Engineering Systems” sequence at the University of Notre Dame motivated an examination of demographic and survey data to assess retention patterns. In the course of examining these data, it became evident that different sub-groups of women exhibit different retention patterns. We have used demographic data such as SAT scores and intended major for several years to establish baseline characteristics of first-year engineering students. We have used resultsoriented data such as exam scores and GPAs to establish how well students or groups of students perform in the class. More recently, a series of three surveys conducted during the two-course sequence has provided a wealth of information that further informs the significance of the demographic and results-oriented data. Longitudinal comparison of the data also helps to identify key differences from one year to another. As an example of the utility of these data sources for improving retention, we consider the retention of women within the first-year engineering sequence. By reviewing the original student applications for admission to Notre Dame, we observed that women who identified engineering as an intended major were retained at a rate that closely resembled the retention rate of men, while women who indicated a non-engineering major but nevertheless enrolled in the two-course sequence were historically retained at a significantly lower rate. Yet, in examining results-oriented data such as standardized test scores or course grades, we observed no significant difference between engineering intents and non-engineering intents. These observations led to the conclusion that, because the two groups possess similar entry-level skills and perform similarly well in class, other, less tangible factors impact retention. Adding the three in-class surveys has allowed us to identify a number of areas of statistically significant differences between these two groups, including: their motivations for considering the study of engineering; their pre-college engineering-related experiences; their initial post-graduate plans; and their concerns over roadblocks to completing the engineering degree.In developing and assessing retention efforts, these data help us to go beyond simply counting how many students remain in engineering after the first year, to understand which types of students remain and why. These data have affected our approach to increasing the retention of women, as the data have helped us both to identify certain sub-groups of women as at higher risk for leaving engineering and to better understand the composition of each class of female engineering students. In particular, these data have enabled us to increase significantly the rate of retention of those women who had not indicated engineering as their intended major on their application for admission to Notre Dame.