Water resources in urban areas comprise both natural and man-made water bodies, including surface waters and groundwater. Groundwater aquifers can be recharged from several sources, some of which may transport high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants. Such sources include exfiltration from leaky sewer pipes that could pose a serious threat to groundwater quality because of large extent of urban drainage systems. When the shallow unconfined and confined aquifers are connected, the transport of organic and inorganic compounds and pathogenic organisms may cause serious pollution. Consequently, the deep confined groundwater aquifers could become polluted and their water would require advanced treatment if used as a source of drinking water.
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