As an optical analog to electronic crystals, photonic crystal (PC) promises a revolution in the photonic world similar to the electronic revolution created by the electronic band gap engineering in semiconductor. Two-dimensional PC has an advantage of being easier to fabricate at optical wavelength (λ) comparing with 3D PC. However, the light leakage in the vertical direction has been the main problem for using 2D PC in opto-electronic application. In this study, we solve this problem by combining traditional 2D PC with strong vertical index guiding between the waveguide layer (GaAs) and the cladding layer (Al{sub}xO{sub}y).
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