Experimental study of the mechanisms of the impact of large tropical cyclones on the ionosphere

摘要

The paper discusses the transfer to the ionosphere of disturbances, that are produced by powerfull events in the atmosphere - tropical typhoons or cyclones. As experimental results, the electron density measurements carried out on ESA SWARM satellites were used. All the largest events in 2014 (typhones of categories 4 and 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale) were processed. The used methods distinguish two type of the response. We can detect both wave-like responses from the cyclone in the ionosphere and disturbances that can be associated with the electric field mechanisms. The second type responses manifest themselves in the form of electrostatic noise or magnetic field variations, that are often recorded by the onboard equipment of modern satellites.