China has over 80 million MTPY ammonia production capacity, which is almost 40% of global ammonia production capacity. Among the more than 400 ammonia plants, around 80% are using coal as feedstock. Due to the increasing living standards and stringent environmental regulations, the ammonia industry continues to consolidate and many larger and cleaner ammonia plants near to the coal resources are being built. This paper is a review of the ammonia industry in China, with a focus to address the particular technical challenges for natural gas and coal based ammonia plants respectively. The impacts of feed availability and plant efficiency threshold on process, technology and catalyst selection will also be discussed
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