The Role of Values Assigned to Water Shaped Landscapes in Collaborative Landscape Planning - Karasu River (Upper-Euphrates) Case

摘要

Overlooking how the public relates to the landscape during a landscape planning process, results in conflict among stakeholders which in turn hinders planning implementation. There is an increasing consensus that the planning process only focuses on expert judgments thereby limiting the participation of the community and other related stakeholders in the decision making process (LUZ, 2000; OLIVEIRA & DINEBOSKA, 2004). It is therefore paramount to alter the planning process to allow for stakeholder participation in all the decision making phases of planning. In this framework, collaborative approaches have proven promising and vital in bringing together various stakeholders in a joint decision making process, accommodating their different views and conflict interests (INNES & BOOHER, 2010). In a collaborative platform, problem solution and conflict resolutions are addressed by stakeholder negotiations and consensus instead of an authoritarian top-down process. In this context, collaboration is taken as a process of joint thinking, joint problem solution, joint planning and joint participation among stakeholders having equal rights during the process (OVERALL, 2005). Collaboration is defined as a "working relationship based on trust, among two or more equal participants in the processes of joint thinking, joint problem solution, joint planning and joint creation" (OVERALL, 2005). By "...equal participants..." it is meant that the every participant is equal and has the equal right in the decision making process. According to GRIMBLE & WELLARD (1997) and MARGERUM (2002), collaborative planning is an interactive process which uses active stakeholder and community participation in decision making and consensus building, to work out the defined common problem(s). Common decisions are one of the main outputs of this process.