An Audio Watermarking Scheme Based on Singular-Spectrum Analysis

摘要

This paper proposes a blind audio watermarking scheme based on singular-spectrum analysis (SSA) which relates to several techniques based on singular value decomposition (SVD). SSA is used to decompose a signal into several additive oscillatory components where each component represents a simple oscillatory mode. The proposed scheme embedded a watermark into a host signal by modifying scaling factors of certain components of the signal. Test results show that the proposed scheme satisfies imperceptibility criterion suggested by IHC with the average ODG of 0.18. It is robust against many attacks, such as MP3 and MP4 compression, band-pass filtering, and re-sampling. This paper does not only propose a new watermarking scheme, it also discusses the singular value and reveals its meaning, which has been deployed and played an important role in all SVD-based schemes.