Prototheca spp. are unicellular algae that can cause acute and chronic mastitis. Infected cows usually show increased somatic cell counts and decreased milk yield. This incurable type of mastitis may be increasing in prevalence among and within Ontario dairy herds. Elsewhere, case studies found improper milking hygiene (Baumgartner, 1997) and antibiotic therapy without proper knowledge (Spalton, 1985) occurring on affected farms. However, knowledge of specific risk factors or the prevention of this disease is insufficient. The aim of this case-control study was to identify herd level risk factors for mastitis caused by Prototheca spp.
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