The Brassica crops yield potential in the south of Russia

摘要

The crops of Brassica species had occupied no more than 4-5%, or 260-350 ths. ha and 250-340 ths. ton respectively, in the structure of sowing areas under oil crops and in total production of commercial seeds in Russia till 2006. There are winter and spring rape (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and winter and spring turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) among the cultivated crops. Rape (Brassica napus) is the dominating crop among cruciferous in the present time and in foreseeable future in Russian Federation. Consequent increasing of total yield of rape oil seeds in last 5 years is caused by extension of sowing areas under the crop and yield rise. High demand of commercial seeds both at internal and international markets, stimulation of itsproduction by producers of bio-diesel oil in the present time and in future as well as necessity of diversification of plant growing branch of agriculture predetermine possibility and necessity to increase the areas under rape in Russia perspective up to 2.0-2.5 mln. ha and further up to 5.0-7.0 mln. ha, and more. Biological features of rape allow cultivating it at the wide range of soil-climate conditions, conformably to the Russian conditions it means in all regions of country, that can't be said about soybean and sunflower. If soil-climate and agroecological conditions of Russian Federation are able enough to provide the realization of perspective development plans of oil rape production, the social-economic and financial-technical factors,determining the state of the agrarian sector of economy, cause the existence of significant differences between potential and practical yield of registered varieties of oil cruciferous crops. Winter rape is the absolute leader on seeds yield among other oil cruciferous crops. Now the area of its cultivation is bordered with south regions of Russia and Kaliningrad region, however, this crop, possessing the tremendous potential of productivity, is also of good potential of sowing area extension not only within abovementioned territories but outside. It is guaranteed the annual rape seed yield 3.0 ton/ha and more in south regions of Russia, predominantly in Krasnodar and Stavropol regions, at experimental plots and working conditions where cultivation technology of crop is observed enough. The oil content is up to 47-49%.