ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEM AND GOVERNMENT POLICY TOWARD PROTECTION

摘要

Remote Sensing is a powerful tool for analyzing mangrove forests; it is suitable for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of mangrove ecosystems. Indonesia is the largest archipelago country which has the potential coastal marine resources which one of them is a mangrove ecosystem. The main objective of this study are to distinguish mangrove vegetation from other vegetation by applying NDVI and to discribe the implication of government policy toward mangrove protection. We used multi-temporal analysis of Landsat TM images from 1972 to 2019. Change of canopy density is one of the indication to monitor its quality. Based on the mangrove land cover change analysis, there has been a decrease and increase in the area from 1972 to 2019. The decrease of mangrove area was 21.65% on Satangnga Island, 0.51% on Sagara Island and 15.94% on Sabangko Island. Meanwhile, on Bauluang Island, there was an increase in mangrove land cover by 14.02%. Factors influencing loss of mangrove on the small island from the local people are conversion of mangrove for aquaculture, clearing of mangrove trees for charcoal production on a large scale, and utilization of mangrove trees for domestic use. The relationship between changes in remote sensing indices and implication of government policy for an efficient evaluation of the main environmental impacts, which can be used for coastal planning and management.