THE SECTOR-SPECIFIC LOGIC OF EXPORT CONTROLS ON DUAL-USE ITEMS: WHY TRADE AND COOPERATION ARE DIFFICULT IN SPACE, BUT EASY IN AERONAUTICS

摘要

Why are research, development, and production activities seamlessly global in some dual-use, strategic high-technology sectors, but confined to national systems in others? Why is it that, in the space sector, governments control exports of sensitive items so tightly as to prohibit international trade and cooperation, but, in other sectors, manage similarly sensitive exports in ways that allow regulated trade and cooperation?