Optimisation of the rapping sequence lead to: 1. Reducing the emission rate due to rapping as a percentage of the total emission rate from 32% to 7%. 2. Reducing the total emission rate by 21% - from 8.69 kg/h (264 mg/m~3) to 6.84 kg/h (208 mg/m~3). 2. Reduced wear and tear due to excessive rapping. Upgrading the 3rd zone transformer/rectifier set resulted in another 10% decrease in the total particulate emission. The optimised rapping sequence together with the upgraded transformer/rectifier set has resulted in the possible increases in kiln lime production by 5-10% without exceeding EPA discharge limits. Further work to improve ESP performance might include: 1. Optimising the rapping sequence for different production rates. 2. Reducing the voltage during rapping to aid cake dislodgment.
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