In this paper, extensions of the reference stress based method to estimate J and COD for through-watt cracked pipes to general problems are given. These problems include circumferential through-watt cracked pipes under combined pressure and bending or under combined axial tension and bending; complex cracked pipes under combined axial tension and bending; axial through-wall cracked pipes under combined pressure and bending. For these cases, the proposed reference stress based J and COD estimates are validated against published test data and detailed 3-D FE results to show their accuracy and robustness.
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